Sympathomimetic toxicity is catecholamine excess. Patients may present with agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, mydriasis, seizures, myocardial ischemia, rhabdomyolysis, or acidosis. Common causes include cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic stimulants, and medication interactions.
The physiology is driven by excessive adrenergic signaling. Alpha stimulation causes vasoconstriction and hypertension. Beta stimulation increases heart rate, contractility, and myocardial oxygen demand.
Central nervous system stimulation produces agitation, delirium, and seizures. Skeletal muscle activity and impaired heat dissipation can produce dangerous hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is one of the most important threats.